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THE SSES PROGRAM
Overview


The Program in Spatial Statistics and Environmental Statistics is involved in teaching, research, and science collaboration. Graduate courses in Spatial Statistics (MS and PhD level) and Environmental Statistics (MS level) have been established, and seminars, discussion groups, student projects, and dissertations make up the rest of the teaching component. Regarding research, the Program has emphasized computational aspects of spatial and spatio-temporal statistics applied to areas of "big science", such as remote sensing of the earth on a global scale, regional climate modeling in space and time, and Bayesian statistical exposure modeling from sources to biomarkers. Other research areas include spatial command and control, disease mapping, medical imaging, ice-stream dynamics, and air quality. Science collaboration has been fostered through SSES-organized interdisciplinary seminars and personal contacts with scientists and engineers at OSU and elsewhere. The SSES Program's expertise is also available to OSU faculty and staff for consulting on an occasional basis in areas that are substantially environmental or spatial.

Director
Noel Cressie, 408B Cockins Hall, 614-292-5194 ( sses@stat.osu.edu)

Teaching
Spatial Statistics (3-credit MS-level cours): TBD

Spatial Statistics (3-credit PhD-level course): Stat 829
The course is taught in the Autumn quarter, (next taught in Autumn 2008). The lectures present topics that include exploratory spatial data analysis, (multivariate) spatial prediction, spatial hierarchical modeling (empirical Bayesian and fully Bayesian), and the incorporation of a temporal component in spatial models.

Environmental Statistics (3-credit MS-level course): Stat 662
The course is taught every other Spring quarter (next taught in Spring quarter 2010). The lectures present topics that include standard statistics used in environmental settings, bioassay, censoring, spatial statistics, and hierarchical models.

Discussions In Spatial and Environmental Statistics (DISES)
The SSES Program organizes DISES on an occasional basis. Previous manifestations were DIGES (DIscussion Group in Environmental Statistics) and brown-bag seminars. If you would like more information, please e-mail us at sses@stat.osu.edu.

Tutorial on Bayesian Statistics for Geophysicists
A web-based instructional tool, Tutorial on Bayesian Statistics for Geophysicists, has been developed in conjunction with the Web-Project, Ice Streams.

Tutorial on Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling for Exposure to Arsenic
A web-based instructional tool, Tutorial on Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling for Exposure to Arsenic, has been developed in conjunction with the research project, From Sources to Biomarkers.

Research
A statistical approach to uncertainty in science can be found in: Cressie, N., Calder, C., Clark, J., Ver Hoef, J., and Wikle, C. (2008). "Accounting for uncertainty in ecological analysis: The strengths and limitations of hierarchical statistical modeling", a Forum Paper to appear in Ecological Applications.

Some of the science and engineering problems to which this approach has been applied are given below.

Remote Sensing
The Terra Spacecraft, the first of a series of satellites to gather definitive data on global conditions, was launched by NASA in December 1999 as part of the Earth Observing System. Enormous amounts of time and money have been spent on obtaining multi-resolution satellite data with pinpoint accuracy. Data-production algorithms currently use rudimentary statistical methods, such as the sample mean and the sample variance, to interpolate these "level 2" data (irregularly distributed in space and time), in order to obtain regularly distributed "level 3" data. In doing so, the obvious spatial and temporal dependencies present in remote-sensing data gathered from satellites have been largely ignored. We address this problem through an empirical Bayesian methodology that yields a dynamic, spatial, change-of-resolution Kalman filter. The methodology has been applied to Total Column Ozone (TCO) data. Further details are available on the Web-Projects page. A more recent empirical Bayesian methodology, called Fixed Rank Kriging, is also being applied to very large remote-sensing data sets.

Geophysical Modeling
The dramatic world-wide shifts in weather patterns and associated societal impacts caused by the 1997-98 El Nino brought unprecedented attention to the role of inter-annual climate variability in our daily lives. Climate processes exhibit substantial spatio-temporal variability that is often non-stationary, non-linear, and dependent. Although it can be quite difficult to model such variability with traditional spatio-temporal approaches, we have demonstrated that it is possible to use highly structured (hierarchical), Bayesian, spatial-temporal models. Physical knowledge of the system is used wherever possible in constructing the models resulting in what has been called physical statistical modeling. Two projects that take this approach are the study of sea surface temperature in the equatorial Pacific Ocean in order to forecast El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and a study of ice-stream dynamics in Antarctica and Greenland. Further details are available on the Web-Projects page.

Human Exposure to Metals
The project, "From Sources to Biomarkers: A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach for Human Exposure Modeling", seeks to characterize multi-pollutant (arsenic, lead, cadmium, and chromium) human exposures by linking sources to biomarkers using a multi-scale hierarchical Bayesian statistical model. Further details are available on the Research page.

Collaboration
Part of the SSES Program's mission is to collaborate with The Ohio State University's spatial and environmental science/engineering communities, as needs dictate. Examples include physical statistical modeling of ice-stream dynamics in Greenland, and stochastically optimal spatial mapping for Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite data. The SSES Program's expertise is also available to OSU faculty and staff for consulting on an occasional basis in areas that are environmental or spatial in nature. The SSES Program organizes an occasional themed Interdisciplinary Seminar Series (e.g., environmental data, remote-sensing data, environmental exposure and health data, statistics and climate change). If you would like more information, please e-mail us at sses@stat.osu.edu.

Support
Support for this Program comes from several sources. The first is a 1998 Academic Enrichment Award granted to the Department of Statistics as the result of a competition across all units of The Ohio State University. The Department renovated space in Cockins Hall to house the SSES Program, hired the Director and an Assistant Professor with program responsibilities, and hired a Program Assistant to help administer the Program.

Past and current extramural support has come from the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, the National Aeronautic and Space Administration, and the American Chemistry Council.

Location
The Program's Administrative Office is in 408 Cockins Hall, adjacent to the Department of Statistics' Main Office.

The SSES Program
Department of Statistics
408 Cockins Hall
1958 Neil Avenue
Columbus, OH 43210-1247
e-mail: sses@stat.osu.edu
telephone: 614-292-5194
fax: 614-292-2096


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